πŸ“ Lesson 3: Nouns - Explanation & Review

λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜μ™€ κ·œμΉ™

μ‚¬λžŒ, μž₯μ†Œ, 사물, κ°œλ…μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 단어듀

λͺ…μ‚¬λž€?

μ‚¬λžŒ, μž₯μ†Œ, 사물, κ°œλ…

4κ°€μ§€ λΆ„λ₯˜

고유λͺ…사
보톡λͺ…사
좔상λͺ…사
μ§‘ν•©λͺ…사

κ°€μ‚° vs λΆˆκ°€μ‚°

κ°€μ‚°: μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것

λΆˆκ°€μ‚°: μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” 것

λ‹¨μˆ˜ vs 볡수

λ‹¨μˆ˜: ν•˜λ‚˜

볡수: 두 개 이상

볡수 = λ‹¨μˆ˜ + s/es

μ†Œμœ κ²©

's μΆ”κ°€

볡수 + '

🎯 λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ κ°œλ…

λͺ…사 = μ‚¬λžŒ(Person) + μž₯μ†Œ(Place) + 사물(Thing) + κ°œλ…(Idea)
μ˜μ–΄μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  것은 λͺ…사 λ˜λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것

πŸ“š λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ 4κ°€μ§€ λΆ„λ₯˜

1. 고유λͺ…사 (Proper Nouns)

νŠΉμ •ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” λͺ…사 - 항상 λŒ€λ¬Έμžλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘

μ‚¬λžŒ 이름

Tom, Mary, Einstein

ν†°, 메리, μ•„μΈμŠˆνƒ€μΈ

μ§€λͺ…

Korea, Seoul, Pacific Ocean

ν•œκ΅­, μ„œμšΈ, νƒœν‰μ–‘

κΈ°κ΄€/νšŒμ‚¬λͺ…

Samsung, Harvard, NASA

μ‚Όμ„±, ν•˜λ²„λ“œ, λ‚˜μ‚¬

μš”μΌ/μ›”

Monday, January, Christmas

μ›”μš”μΌ, 1μ›”, 크리슀마슀

2. 보톡λͺ…사 (Common Nouns)

같은 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 것듀을 κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” λͺ…사 - κ°€μ‚°λͺ…사

μ‚¬λžŒ

student, teacher, doctor

학생, μ„ μƒλ‹˜, μ˜μ‚¬

동물

cat, dog, bird

고양이, 개, μƒˆ

사물

book, chair, car

μ±…, 의자, μžλ™μ°¨

μž₯μ†Œ

school, park, hospital

학ꡐ, 곡원, 병원

3. 좔상λͺ…사 (Abstract Nouns)

만질 수 μ—†λŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄λ‚˜ 감정 - λΆˆκ°€μ‚°λͺ…사

감정

love, happiness, anger

μ‚¬λž‘, 행볡, λΆ„λ…Έ

κ°œλ…

freedom, democracy, justice

자유, 민주주의, μ •μ˜

μƒνƒœ

health, peace, strength

건강, 평화, 힘

ν™œλ™

education, research, practice

ꡐ윑, 연ꡬ, μ—°μŠ΅

4. μ§‘ν•©λͺ…사 (Collective Nouns)

μ—¬λŸ¬ κ°œμ²΄κ°€ λͺ¨μΈ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 집단

μ‚¬λžŒ μ§‘ν•©

family, team, class

κ°€μ‘±, νŒ€, 반

동물 μ§‘ν•©

herd, flock, swarm

무리, λ–Ό, κ΅°μ§‘

쑰직

government, committee, staff

μ •λΆ€, μœ„μ›νšŒ, 직원

ꡰ쀑

crowd, audience, public

ꡰ쀑, 관객, λŒ€μ€‘

πŸ’‘ κ°€μ‚°λͺ…사 vs λΆˆκ°€μ‚°λͺ…사

κ°€μ‚°λͺ…사 (Countable)

개수λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사

β€’ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜• 쑴재: book β†’ books

β€’ a/an μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯: a book

β€’ μˆ«μžμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜: two books

예: apple, student, chair, idea

λΆˆκ°€μ‚°λͺ…사 (Uncountable)

개수λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사

β€’ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜• μ—†μŒ: water (not waters)

β€’ a/an μ‚¬μš© λΆˆκ°€: water (not a water)

β€’ some/much μ‚¬μš©: some water

예: water, music, information, love

πŸ”’ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜• λ§Œλ“€κΈ° κ·œμΉ™

κΈ°λ³Έ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜• κ·œμΉ™

일반적인 경우
+ s
book β†’ books, cat β†’ cats, student β†’ students
s, x, z, ch, sh둜 끝
+ es
class β†’ classes, box β†’ boxes, watch β†’ watches
자음 + y둜 끝
y β†’ ies
city β†’ cities, baby β†’ babies, story β†’ stories
λͺ¨μŒ + y둜 끝
+ s
boy β†’ boys, day β†’ days, key β†’ keys
f, fe둜 끝
f/fe β†’ ves
knife β†’ knives, leaf β†’ leaves, wife β†’ wives
자음 + o둜 끝
+ es
tomato β†’ tomatoes, potato β†’ potatoes, hero β†’ heroes

πŸ”„ λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•

μ™„μ „ λ³€ν™”

man β†’ men

woman β†’ women

child β†’ children

mouse β†’ mice

foot β†’ feet

λ‹¨λ³΅μˆ˜ 동일

fish β†’ fish

sheep β†’ sheep

deer β†’ deer

species β†’ species

series β†’ series

πŸ“ μ†Œμœ κ²© (Possessive)

μ†Œμœ κ²© λ§Œλ“€κΈ° κ·œμΉ™

λ‹¨μˆ˜λͺ…사
+ 's
Tom's book, the cat's tail, student's bag
s둜 λλ‚˜λŠ” 볡수
+ '
students' books, cats' tails, teachers' room
λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ 볡수
+ 's
children's toys, men's clothes, women's rights

🚫 ν”ν•œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ“€

ν‹€λ¦° μ˜ˆμ‹œ

❌ "I have many informations"

❌ "He is a good student"

❌ "The childrens are playing"

μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μ˜ˆμ‹œ

βœ… "I have much information"

βœ… "They are good students"

βœ… "The children are playing"

πŸ“Œ μš”μ•½ (Summary)

λͺ…사 4λΆ„λ₯˜: 고유λͺ…사(λŒ€λ¬Έμž) + 보톡λͺ…사(κ°€μ‚°) + 좔상λͺ…사(λΆˆκ°€μ‚°) + μ§‘ν•©λͺ…사

β€’ κ°€μ‚°λͺ…사 = λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜• κ°€λŠ₯, a/an μ‚¬μš© | β€’ λΆˆκ°€μ‚°λͺ…사 = λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜• μ—†μŒ, some/much μ‚¬μš©

β€’ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜• κ·œμΉ™: +s(κΈ°λ³Έ), +es(s/x/ch/sh), yβ†’ies(자음+y) | β€’ μ†Œμœ κ²©: λ‹¨μˆ˜+'s, 볡수s+'